Vaporizer for use in connection with internal-combustion engines.



. BRADBURN & A. COX.

VAPORIZER FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 3|. 1917- Patented N 0v. 26; 1918.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

INVENTORS zfllz'amjzzmzzwn WITNESSES WW m ffiwhk,

W. H. BRADBURN & A. COX. VAPORIZER FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. APPLICATION FILED MAY 31. 1917. 1,285,916. Patented Nov. 26,1918.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

WITNESSES @Qy W YIZ g WTED STATES PATENT @FFTQE.

WILLIAM HOWARD BRADBURN, F WEDNESFIELD, WOLVERHAMPTON, AND ARTHUR COX, .OF OLTON, NEAR BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND;

' Specification of Letters Patent. Patented N 25, 191g Application filed May 31, 1917. Serial No. 172,080.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, WILLIAM HOWARD BRADBURN, of Long Knowle, Wednesfield, Wolverhampton, England, engineer, and ARTHUR Cox, of Harlech, Warwick Road, Olton, near Birmingham, England, engineer, both subjects of the King of Great Britain, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Vaporizers for Use in Connection with Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention has reference to devices or appliances, commonly known as Vaporizers,

which are used in connection with internal combustion engines for the purpose of effooting, or assisting the vaporization of heavy fuels, such as paraffin, and it relates in particular to the known kind of vaporizers that consist of a casting or attachment which is adapted to be interposed or mounted between the carbureter and the inlet valves of an engine and comprises or embodies two chambers or passages separated by a longitudinal wall or partition; one chamber being connected with the exhaust ports of an engine and the other with the carburetor and with the engine inlet ports, so that, when the said engine is running, the heat of the exhaustgases discharging through the one chamber may be taken up y the walls of the attachment and utilized to assist or complete the vaporization of the fuel constituent of the mixture during its passage along the other chamber, or prior to its admission through the inlet ports.

The present invention consists, in an improved vaporizer attachment for use in connection with multi-cylinder engines, which comprises an exhaust passage or chamber (hereinafter referred to as the heating chamber) and an induction passage or chamber (hereinafter referred to as the vaporizing chamber) separated by a longitudinal wall or partition, and in which the admission port into the vaporizing chamber is so disposed in relation to the partition wall," and the interior of the heating chamber is so constructed or arranged, that the mixture, on entering the said vaporizing chamber from the carbureter is constrained to strike or impinge against an area of the wall onto which the exhaust gases from two or more of the engine cylinders are also directed or concentrated for maintaining the said wall at such a high temperature that it will immediately and completely .vaporize the fuel constituentof the impinging stream of mixture.

A form of the said improved vaporizer, as designed for use in connection with a two or four cylinder engine, is shown in the ac-' companying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a plan of the attachment;

Fig. 2 is a complete horizontal section of the same, showing the internal arrangement.

Fig. 3 is a transverse section, taken on the dotted line 38, Fig. 1, through the end to which the carbureter is connected.

Fig. 4 is another transverse section of Fig. 1, on the dotted line H.

' Fig. 5 is a third transverse section, taken on the dotted line 55 Fig. 1 through the end to which is attached, an induction pipe leading to the inlet valves of the engine.

Fig. 6 is a longitudinal vertical section of the attachment, taken on the dot ed line 66 Fig. 2. I

The same letters of reference indicate cor-- responding parts in the several figures of the drawing.

The vaporizer shown in these figures con- 1 sists of a single casting which can conveniently be bolted or otherwise secured along side the cylinders of an engine, and it com-- prises or embodies a vaporizing chamber a and a heating chamber bfwhich extend practically from end to end of the casting and are separated from one another by a longi-- tudinal wall or partition 0, as best seen in Fig. 2; the vaporizing chamber (1 having an intake port a wherethrough the mixture produced by the carbureter is admitted, and an outlet portat a for conveying the final or complete mixture to the engine induction pipe, while on the opposite side of the casting, the heating chamber is provided with intakes b, b for the exhaust gases which,

after being utilized in the manner hereinafter described, are led away to the open end b whereto the exhaust pipe is connected.

The intake port a for the carburetor mixture is formed in one end of that side of the vaporizing chamber which is parallel to the partition wall a so that the incoming stream of mixture will enter the said port in a direction at right angles to the longer axis of the said vaporizing chamber, and will strike or impinge against the area of the said wall that is opposite the port before proceeding along the said vaporizing chamber toward the cylinders.

This area of the partition wall against which the incoming mixture stream impinges is, by the special disposition of the exhaust-intake ports and the internal arrangement of the heating chamber, subjectedto the maximum heating effect of the exhaust gases discharged into the said chamber from all the cylinders of the engine. For this purpose, one of the exhaust-intake ports Z) (which may be in connection with a pair of engine cylinders) is disposed as shown so that the gases entering therethrough are discharged directly against the ,mixture-impingement area of the wall 0, While to provide for the direction of exhaust gases entering by the other port 6 also against the same wall area, an additional longitudinal partition c is cast along a portion of the heating chamber to subdivide the same into two side-by-side passages b b the outer one 6 serving to convey exhaust gases from the port 6 toward the mixtureimpingement area of the wall 0, whereas the inner passage btconveys the whole of the exhaust gases toward the outlet from the heating chamber and compels same to travel in contact with the heating chamber side of the main partition 0. Thus all exhaust gases discharging into the heating chamber attachment are directed against and concentrated on the area of the wall 0 that is opposite the mixture-intake port of the vaporizing chamber, and raise and maintain the same at a very-high temperature, sufiicient in practice to completely and immediately vaporize the heavyfuel constituent (such as paraflin) of the mixture stream that impinges on the vaporizlng chamber side of the said wall area. It is also considered that complete and rapid vaporization of the fuel is assisted or facili tated by the fact that the described arrangement or disposition of the mixture-intake port in relation to the partition wall 0 brings about a sharp deflection of the incoming mixture stream, or causes it to abruptly change direction, immediately after its admission into the vaporizing chamber; the theory being that the fuel constituent, by reason of its relatively greater weight and inertia, will be more reluctant to change its flow direction than the air constituent, so that while the bulk of the fuel in the incoming mixture will drive itself against the heated area before it can proceed along the vaporizing chamber in the direction of the engine, a large proportion of the air con stituent, having less inertia, will proceed along the chamber without impinging on asaere the said hot area. Consequently, the greater number of heat units taken up from the exhaust gases by the impingement area of the wall a are expended in heating the fuel only, or are utilized for the all-essential function of vaporizing said fuel instead of being used up in uselessly heating the air constituent which is neither necessary or desirable, since provided the fuel itself can be heated suiiiciently to effect its complete vaporization, it is an advantage that the .fuel vapor should be conveyed to the engine in a vehicle of relatively cool air.

The surface of the partition 0 that constitutes the inner side of the heating chamber has cast upon it, a series of longitudinal. gills or webs 0 which provide an increased area for taking up heat from the exhaust gases'during their passage through the said chamber, in addition to which, the said gills tend to prevent the accumulation of soot deposits that might detrimentally afi'ect the absorption of heat by the wall 0.

' In some cases, and particularly where ab normally heavy fuels have to be dealt with, the part of the vaporizing chamber located between the mixture-intake port a and the outlet a into the induction pipe may be filled or packed with a roll of wire gauze cl (shown in section in Fig. 4:) the inner side of which lies in direct contact with the exhaust heated wall 0 (except the area immediately opposite the port a and takes up heat therefrom by conduction. Thus, the initial mixture, after impinging on the highly-heated area of the wall between the ports a I), is constrained to pass through the interstices of the conduction-heated gauze roll, so that any fuel not completely vaporized by impingement of the heated wall area may be converted into vapor by heat taken up from the gauze. The gauze packing also-has the effect of breaking up the stream of mixture and efi'ecting the intimate incorporation of its constituents, but where ordinary paraflins only have to be dealt with extensive experiments and trials have shown that their complete vaporization. can be effected without using a fitting of gauze or the like.

It is obvious that the casting may be of any suitable shape and dimensions and that, so long as the internal arrangement of the heating chamber provides for the direction or concentration of the exhaust gases from two or more cylinders onto an area or part of a partition wall against which the car bureter mixture also impinges, the said casting'may embody any numberand disposition of exhaust-intakes suitable to the particular type or construction of engine to which the I disposed or arranged in other positions than.

those shown in the drawings.

Having described our invention, What Weclaim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. A vaporizer comprising a casing having a partition extending longitudinally thereof to form a-heating chamber and a jacent 'its opposite extremity.

ig it into a heating and a vaporizing cham-.

2. A vaporizer comprising a casing having a longitudinallyextending partition therein to form a vaporizing. chamber and a heating chamber, said vaporizing chamber having adjacent one of its extremities a fuel mixture inlet directed toward said partition and having adjacent its other extremity an outlet to communicate With the induction port of an engine, said heating chamber having adjacent one of its extremities an exhaust gas inlet in axial alinement With said fuel mixture inlet and directedagainst said partltion on the opposite side thereof from the latter inlet, and having an exhaust outlet at its other extremity, said heating chamber further having a second exhaust gas inlet, and means Within the heating chamber to direct exhaust gas from said latter inlet.

against approximately the same part of said partition as said first-mentioned exhaust gas inlet. I 4

3. A vaporizer of the class specified, com-' rising a casing having a partition dividber, the two chambers having intakes dia- -metrically "opposite the same portion of the separating partition, said heating. chamber having a second intake, a partition extend-' in'g partially therethrough to deliver. heating Witnesses.

WILLIAM HOWARD BRADBURN. I

fluid to the samepart of said separating Wall as said first'intake, the casing also being provided with a. terminal outlet. for the exhaust and an outlet port for the vaporized mixture.

4=.- A vaporizer of the class specified, comprising-"a casing, a partition in said casing dividing it into a vaporizing"'chamber and a heating chamber, each chamber having an intake, said intakes being in axial alinement on opposite sides ofthe same portion of the partition for respectively supplying heated gases and a carbureter mixture to the heating chamber and vaporizing chamber, said partition having a plurality of longitudinally extending gills projecting into the heating chamber to increase the heating area of the said partition and also prevent the accumulation'of soot deposits on the Wall,

the vaporizer having outlets for the exhaust gases and ijor the vaporized carbureter m1x-- ture..

5. A vaporizer of the class specified, comprising a casing, a partition in said casing to form a" vaporizing chamber and a heatin chamber each chamber having an 111- tal e, said intakes being located opposite the same portion of the partition in transverse alinement to respectively cause the carbureter mixture to impinge against one side of the partition and heated gases from the engine-cylinder to impinge against the opposite side' of the same portion of the partition, said chambers each having an outlet at one of its ends, and a filling of Wire gauze in the-vaporizing cham ber intermediate its inlet and its outlet.

In testimony whereof We have hereunto set our hands in presence of two subscribing ARTHUR 00X. Witnesses;

ARTHUR SADLER,

GERTRUDE G. HOOKHAM. 

